(01-05-2021, 11:01 PM)Antti-L Wrote: If I understand correctly, your question is not related to VEDA-FE as such, but to a specific model, the VEDA TIMES-Starter model and the Renewable Electricity Portfolio Requirement (Scen_P-RPS) included there. Therefore, you might wish to post the question under the VEDA-TIMES Starter Forum, or you could contact the model developers, the DecisionWare Group. I have not been using that model for other than basic testing, and never with the RPS scenario. But from a general point of view, I can try to answer the final question: > Also, running the Starter model's RPS (without the UC-90 constraint) gives total generated electricity lower than that generated in the Reference scenario.  Can you also please explain why? If the results are different when including the RPS scenario, the RPS constraint must be active, i.e. binding in at least some of the model years. In other words, the share of renewable electricity in total electricity generation is not meeting the RPS target shares when not including the RPS constraint, because if the targets would have been already achieved, adding the RPS constraint would have no effect. And when you add any constraints that are binding, the value of the objective function can only increase, it can never decrease. Consequently, the total system costs are then higher, and because the constraint focuses on electricity generation, the cost increase is reflected in the equilibrium prices of electricity, which are higher under the added RPS constraint. The endogenous demand curves for any commodities in the model normally have price elasticities, meaning that when the price increases, the demand for the commodity decreases. And that is the explanation for your lower total electricity generation.